How Do DBT and CBT Differ When Treating Trauma?
Psychotherapy is a popular and highly recommended treatment for various mental health disorders. Two of these recommended treatments include cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT). Both therapies are commonly used to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as they are very similar. However, there are key differences between the two that may or may not make them both applicable to an individual experiencing trauma symptoms.
What Is CBT?
Also commonly referred to as “talk therapy,” CBT involves discussing your problems with a trained, licensed therapist to help reframe your thoughts and mindset. People who have PTSD may feel like they are stuck in a permanent negative cycle. They may have a mental loop of negative self-talk that says, “nothing will ever get better.” A therapist can use CBT techniques rooted in logic and reason to turn those thoughts around, so the negatives no longer control you.
What Are the Techniques Used in CBT?
There are a number of techniques used in CBT sessions. A therapist may use some or all of them in a session, depending on the type of help you need. A few of these techniques include:
- Identifying negative thoughts: Identifying your thoughts and feelings in certain situations can help you and your therapist understand how they contribute to specific behaviors.
- Learning and practicing new skills: When you detect a negative thought pattern forming, CBT can help you learn a healthy coping mechanism to apply in real-life scenarios.
- Goal setting: One of the most important steps in trauma recovery, your therapist will help you develop both short-term and long-term goals for your treatment. The process of getting there is just as important as the outcome.
- Problem-solving: Trauma symptoms often have a specific cause, for example, fear of driving after surviving a tragic accident. CBT can help you identify and solve those problems that result from trauma and reduce the negative impact on your life.
- Self-monitoring: You will be encouraged to track your progress outside of therapy sessions, such as by journaling your thoughts, feelings, and reactions to certain situations throughout the week.
What Is DBT?
DBT is a form of CBT. This therapy focuses on helping people with trauma learn to better interact with their surroundings in less emotional ways. DBT was initially developed to treat borderline personality disorder but has since been adapted to treat other mental health disorders as well. Based on mindfulness techniques to help re-train your mind when facing emotional challenges, DBT is useful for stopping harmful behaviors, dealing with suicidal ideations, and managing cravings.
What Are the Techniques Used in DBT?
There are a number of techniques used in DBT sessions, including:
- Mindfulness techniques: “Mindfulness” refers to the ability to pay attention to what is happening in the present moment rather than reliving the past. It’s a skill that takes lots of practice but allows those struggling with trauma to interpret the events around them in a positive way.
- Learning to tolerate stress: We can’t always change our circumstances, but we can change how we respond to them. DBT can help you take positive steps forward based on what is within your control.
- Regulate emotions: People suffering from trauma can feel negative emotions in an intense, disruptive way. DBT can help you identify these feelings and reduce the vulnerable mental and behavioral response to them so they don’t overpower and control you.
- Group therapy: This form of therapy may benefit some clients and not others. Depending on your individual needs, you may find it helpful to process your feelings with other people who are experiencing the same things.
What Are the Differences Between CBT and DBT?
While CBT and DBT are both used to help people address and reframe negative thoughts and behavioral patterns, CBT focuses more on thought patterns than DBT. CBT helps to identify cognitive distortions of reality and how we filter information. DBT places greater emphasis on the relationship between acceptance and change. CBT takes place primarily in one-on-one sessions with a therapist, while DBT involves group therapy to help people practice some of the skills they are learning.
What Should Clients Know About CBT and DBT?
Both therapeutic techniques are helpful, but you should know that going into either type of therapy requires a lot of work. Your therapist will likely assign some out-of-office “homework,” such as journaling, to help track your progress. It’s also essential to come to sessions prepared to talk about issues that may be emotionally difficult. While your therapist will work with you at your own pace and not pressure you to move faster than you’re comfortable with, you will be encouraged to share your thoughts, feelings, and other reactions to the event that caused your trauma. As you share these complex thoughts, you may be encouraged to look at them from a different perspective.
Which Technique Is Better for Trauma Treatment?
As someone looking for relief from trauma symptoms, it’s natural to want to know which therapy method is better for your recovery process. CBT and DBT together can be useful in treating multiple mental and behavioral issues by identifying and changing negative thoughts and actions. While CBT is the more popular of the two, a discussion with your therapist can help you make an educated decision.
Dealing with trauma can be challenging. At Crownview Co-Occurring Institute, our licensed, compassionate therapists, can help you learn skills to combat your heavy thoughts, emotions, and negative behavior patterns. You can also learn how to set goals for yourself to start looking forward to the future rather than perpetually living in the past. While it may seem difficult, talking about your trauma is a significant step toward the goal of healing. Your therapist can help you determine whether cognitive-behavioral therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, or both are appropriate for your unique situation and needs. At Crownview Co-Occurring Institute, we can set you up with the right therapist who is uniquely skilled to help you in your situation. We have helped many people change the course of their lives and live healthier. You too can be one of them. To learn more, call us today at (760) 477-4754.
Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT): Not Only for Borderline Personality Disorder
Dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) is a modified cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) approach that involves change techniques based on behavioral therapy and acceptance. While CBT seeks to recognize and change negative thought processes into positive behavioral changes, DBT focuses on accepting each moment, changing negative behaviors, and learning to cope with difficult emotions.
Dialectical behavioral therapy and CBT may overlap because they both use talk therapy to help clients understand and manage their thoughts and emotions. Still, DBT focuses more on controlling emotions and interpersonal relationships as the initially developed method for borderline personality disorder (BPD), where moods and behaviors can dramatically change.
Conditions DBT Can Treat
Standard DBT treatment plans last at least 24 weeks, where the client participates in group and individual counseling sessions. Even though DBT was developed solely for BPD, DBT also helps treat multiple levels of mental health disorders that contain similar symptoms to BPD, including:
- Suicidal thoughts, ideations, or behaviors
- Depression
- Eating disorders
- Bipolar disorder
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
- Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
- Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
- Substance use disorder (SUD)
Skills Developed With DBT
Through DBT, clients learn coping skills to help with emotional stress positively. Mindfulness and distress tolerance will help individuals gain acceptance of their thoughts and behaviors, while emotion regulation and interpersonal effectiveness help people change their thoughts and behaviors. Below is an in-depth look at each skill:
Mindfulness
DBT teaches individuals mindfulness skills to help the client experience what is happening in the present moment and concentrate on one thing at a time. Becoming mindful of the moment allows the client to identify and accept their thoughts or feelings without judgment.
Within the framework of DBT, clients practice how to be mindful by assessing reasonable thoughts with emotions and using acceptance to discover how to endure parts of themselves without wanting to harm themselves.
Distress Tolerance
DBT instills distress tolerance skills to help the individual decrease impulsive behaviors without using destructive coping methods. People may use unhealthy coping strategies in times of crisis to help them temporarily manage their emotions, such as avoidance, self-isolation, self-harm, or substance use.
Distress tolerance skills can help clients relax by using their senses to feel more serene, finding ways to improve painful or difficult situations, distracting themselves for calming down before assessing their thoughts and emotions or making a list of good and bad coping techniques.
Interpersonal Effectiveness
Extreme emotions and wild mood swings can make it challenging for individuals to communicate with others. Therefore, understanding how they feel and what they need is essential for establishing meaningful and lasting connections.
In DBT, interpersonal effectiveness skills teach clients to ask for what they want, say no to inappropriate requests, and cope with interpersonal disagreements. These skills collectively combine listening skills, social skills, and assertiveness instruction to help individuals learn how to transform challenging situations and remain true to their values and beliefs.
Emotion Regulation
DBT helps clients acquire emotion regulation skills and learn to handle instant emotional reactions before leading to a series of distressing secondary responses. Emotional regulation skills teach individuals how to solve problems practically, recognize emotions, reduce vulnerability, expose their feelings, and overcome obstacles to emotions that have positive impacts.
Benefits of DBT
DBT provides people with coping skills and strategies to accept and manage negative feelings; it also leaves the client with techniques to use in various aspects of their lives beyond the disorder. The new skill sets developed will enhance the person’s capabilities and encourage them to recognize their positive attributes. Other benefits of DBT include:
- Behavioral skills: The individual will discover how to assess problems and damaging behavior patterns and substitute them with healthy and efficient ones.
- Cognitive skills: The person will be able to concentrate on changing thoughts and beliefs that are not helpful.
- Improving relationships: The individual will learn to communicate effectively and work with the counselor to create healthy relationships to improve overall health.
- Healthy self-image: The individual will accept themselves and become less judgmental of their appearance and others.
- Enhances quality of life: The person will improve their quality of life through each skill they practice. Each skill accommodates the other to produce a healthy and happy client.
The ultimate goal of DBT is to help clients appreciate and accept living in the moment and build improved coping methods. When successful, clients will be able to control emotional reactions and manage destructive behaviors positively. It is important to remember that DBT will require a solid therapeutic partnership between the client and counselor for the treatment to prove effective.
Dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) focuses on accepting each moment, changing negative behaviors, and learning to cope with difficult emotions. If you or a loved one could benefit from DBT, we want to help. Crownview Co-Occurring Institute in Oceanside, CA, offers psychiatric treatment for several levels of mental health disorders. Our individualized approach ensures that each client receives high-quality care with effective results. CCI understands how challenging it can be to manage life and mental illness alone. We will support you from crisis to independence by providing a healing environment with a compassionate team of professionals ready to help you achieve control in your life again. At CCI, we offer tailored treatment plans to meet every physical and emotional need for recovery. Let CCI heal your mind, body, and spirit through evidence-based treatment services for a successful long-term recovery. Call (760) 477-4754 today to learn about our effective treatment programs.